Dr. Cordell Green - Director

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“This insight, elaborated recently by C.C. Green, is of profound importance for the future of artificial intelligence, and may well be destined to occupy a place as central as, say, the equivalence of the corpuscular and wave models in the theory of optics.” – (from “Nature”, vol 228, about Green’s work in program synthesis and planning …)

Dr. Green is Director and Chief Scientist of Kestrel Institute, which he founded in 1981. Dr. Green was presented the Grace Murray Hopper Award by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) for establishing the theoretical basis for the field of logic programming. Dr. Green was named the recipient of the 8th International Stevens Award for contributions to methods for software and systems development. Dr. Green developed the foundation theory for Logic Programming, which also formed the foundation for the Deductive Data Base field, as well as many formal, inference-based AI systems. He has made several seminal contributions to the field of program synthesis, including a paper that provided the basis for the Refine language.

Dr. Green’s research interests center in the area of knowledge-based tools for software engineering. He has worked on systems that help to automate acquisition, analysis, and synthesis of software, as well as in the area of foundations of logic programming. His recent interests have been in automated algorithm design, synthesis of visual representations of software, self generation of software, and software that is correct by construction

Dr. Green has served at the Darpa Information Processing Techniques Office as Research and Development Program Manager for artificial intelligence, planning the DARPA Speech Understanding Research Project and serving on the steering committee. At Darpa, he also served as an assistant to Dr. Larry Roberts while he was creating the Arpanet. Dr. Green was Chief Scientist and Program Manager for Computer Science at Systems Control Inc. He served as Research Mathematician in the Artificial Intelligence Group at Stanford Research Institute. He has served as Lecturer and Assistant Professor of Computer Science at Stanford University. Dr. Green has served on the editorial board of the Journal of Automated Reasoning and the Journal of Systems Integration. He served as Associate Editor of the Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery, and also edited the Cognitive Science journal. He serves on the board of five corporations. He is a fellow of the ACM, AAAI, and ASE. Dr. Green received his BA and BS from Rice University. Dr. Green received his MS and PhD from Stanford University.

Selected Publications

  1. The Application of Theorem Proving to Question Answering Systems
    C. Cordell Green.
    PhD thesis, Electrical Engineering Department, Memo AIM-96, Report STAN-CS-69-138, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California, June 1969. Reprinted by Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, New York, 1979.

  2. Theorem Proving by Resolution As a Basis for Question Answering Systems
    C. Cordell Green.
    Machine Intelligence 4, Bernard Meltzer and Donald Michie, editors, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1969, pages 183–205.
    Re-typeset version of original .

  3. “Knowledge-Based Programming Self-Applied”
    Cordell Green and Stephen Westfold.
    Machine Intelligence 10, J. E. Hays, Donald Michie, Y-H. Pao, editors, Ellis Horwood and Halsted Press (John Wiley), 1982.

  4. “A Theory of Automated Design of Visual Information Presentations”
    Stephen Westfold and Cordell Green.
    Kestrel Institute Technical Report KES.U.91.1, May 1991.

Other Reports and Publications

  1. The Use of Theorem Proving Techniques in Question Answering Systems
    C. Cordell Green and Bertram Raphael.
    Proceedings of 23rd ACM National Conference, Brandon Systems Press, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, 1968, pages 169–181.
    Re-typeset version of original .

  2. “Application of Theorem Proving to Problem Solving”
    Cordell Green.
    Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Donald E. Walker and Lewis M. Norton, editors, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York, New York, 1969, pages 219–239.

  3. Speech Understanding Systems: Final Report of a Study Group
    Allen Newell, Jeffrey Barnett, James W. Forgie, Cordell Green, Dennis Klatt, J. C. R. Licklider, J. Munson, D. Raj Reddy, W. Woods.
    American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc., New York, New York, 1973.

  4. “Progress Report on Program Understanding Systems.”
    C. Cordell Green, Richard J. Waldinger, David R. Barstow, Robert Elschlager, Douglas B. Lenat, Brian P. McCune, David E. Shaw, and Louis I. Steinberg.
    Memo AIM-240, Report STAN-CS-74-444, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California, August 1974.

  5. “Some Rules for the Automatic Synthesis of Programs”
    Cordell Green and David Barstow.
    Advance Papers of the Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Volume 1, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, September 1975, pages 232–239.

  6. “Inferring LISP Programs from Examples.”
    David E. Shaw, William R. Swartout, and C. Cordell Green.
    Advance Papers of the Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Volume 1, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, September 1975, pages 260–267.

  7. “The PSI Program Synthesis System, 1976”
    Cordell Green.
    ACM ‘76: Proceedings of the Annual Conference, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, New York, October 1976, pages 74–75.

  8. “The Design of the PSI Program Synthesis System”
    Cordell Green.
    Proceedings Second International Conference on Software Engineering, Computer Society, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., Long Beach, California, October 1976, pages 4–18.

  9. “An Informal Talk on Recent Progress in Automatic Programming”
    Cordell Green.
    Lectures on Automatic Programming and List Processing, PIPS-R-12, Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan, November 1976, pages 1–69.

  10. “A Hypothetical Dialogue Exhibiting a Knowledge Base for a Program Understanding System”
    C. Cordell Green and David R. Barstow.
    Machine Intelligence 8: Machine Representations of Knowledge, E. W. Elcock and Donald Michie, editors, Ellis Horwood, Ltd., and John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, New York, 1977, pages 335–359.

  11. “An Empirical Study of List Structure in LISP”
    Douglas W. Clark and C. Cordell Green.
    Communications of the ACM, Volume 20, Number 2, February 1977, pages 78–87.

  12. “A Summary of the PSI Program Synthesis System”
    Cordell Green.
    Proceedings of the Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence&mndash;1977, Volume 1, Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, August 1977, pages 380–381.

  13. “On Program Synthesis Knowledge”
    Cordell Green and David Barstow.
    Memo AIM-306, Report STAN-CS-77-639, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California, November 1977.

  14. “The PSI Program Synthesis System, 1978: An Abstract”
    Cordell Green.
    1978 National Computer Conference, AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Sakti P. Ghosh and Leonard Y. Liu, editors, Volume 47, AFIPS Press, Montvale, New Jersey, June 1978, pages 673–674.

  15. “A Note on Shared List Structure in LISP”
    Douglas W. Clark and C. Cordell Green.
    Information Processing Letters, Volume 7, Number 6, October 1978, pages 312–314.

  16. “Program Synthesis Knowledge”
    Cordeel Green and David Barstow.
    Artificial Intelligence, Volume 10, Number 3, November 1978, pages 241–279.

  17. “Application of Knowledge Based Programming to Signal Understanding Systems”
    Cordell Green and Brian P. McCune.
    Distributed Sensor Nets: Proceedings of a Workshop, Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, December 1978, pages 115–118.

  18. “Knowledge Based Programming Applications”
    Cordell Green and Brian P. McCune.
    Proceedings, Technical Workshop on the Application of Artificial Intelligence and Spatial Processing to Radar Signals for Automatic Ship Classification, New Orleans, Louisiana, February 1979.

  19. “Results in Knowledge-Based Program Synthesis”
    Cordell Green, R. P. Gabriel, E. Kant, B. I. Kedzierski, B. P. McCune, J. Phillips, S. T. Tappel, and S. J. Westfold.
    Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Tokyo, August 20–23, 1979.

  20. “Towards Self-Described Programming Environments”
    J. Phillips and C. Green.
    SCI Tech Report SCI.ICS.L.81.3, June 1980.

  21. “On the Use of Self-Description for Knowledge Acquisition”
    Jorge Phillips, Cordell Green, and Stephen Westfold.
    Proceedings of Logic Programming Workshop, Long Beach, 1981.

  22. “Research on Knowledge-Based Programming and Algorithm Design—1981”
    C. Green, J. Phillips, S. Westfold, T. Pressburger, B. Kedzierski, S. Angebranndt, B. Mont-Reynaud, and S. Tappel.
    Kestrel Institute Technical Report KES.U.81.2, August 1981.

  23. “Progress on Knowledge-Based Programming and Algorithm Design”
    C. Green, J. Phillips, S. Westfold, T. Pressburger, S. Angebranndt, B. Kedzierski, B. Mont-Reynaud, B., and D. Chapiro.
    Kestrel Institute Report KES.U.81.1, November 1981.

  24. “CHI: A Self-Described Programming Environment”
    J. Phillips, C. Green, and T. Pressburger.
    presented at II Software Technology Seminar, Software Factory Experiences, Capri, Italy, May 1982.

  25. Report on a Knowledge-Based Software Assistant
    Cordell Green, David Luckham, Robert Balzer, Thomas Cheatham, and Charles Rich.
    Kestrel Report KES.U.83.2, July 1983. Also Rome Air Development Center Technical Report RADC 83-195.

  26. “Software Technology in the 1990’s: Using a New Paradigm”
    Robert Balzer, Thomas Cheatham, Cordell Green.
    IEEE Computer, Volume 16, Number 11, (November, 1983), pages 39–46.

  27. “What is Program Synthesis?”
    Cordell Green.
    Journal of Automated Reasoning, Volume 1, Number 1, 1985, pages 37–41.

  28. “Iteration in the Software Process”
    A. Goldberg, C. Green, W. Polak, and R. Jüllig.
    Proceedings of the 3rd International Software Process Workshop, Breckenridge, Colorado, November 1986. Kestrel Institute Technical Report KES.U.86.8, November 1986.

  29. “Automated Design of Displays for Technical Data”
    Stephen Westfold and Cordell Green.
    Kestrel Institute Technical Report KES.U.90.5, May 1990.

  30. “A Theory of Automated Design of Visual Information Presentations”
    S. Westfold and C. Green.
    Kestrel Institute Technical Report KES.U.91.1, May 1991.

  31. “Automating Software Design: An Overview”
    C. Green, M. Lowry, and R. McCartney.
    Automating Software Design, AAAI/MIT Press, 1991. Kestrel Institute Technical Report KES.U.91.8, September 1991.

  32. A Refinement Approach to Visualization
    Allen Goldberg, Rafael Furst, Cordell Green.
    Kestrel Institute Technical Report KES.U.95.2, August 1995.

  33. Toward Practical Applications of Software Synthesis
    Douglas R. Smith and Cordell Green.
    Proceedings of FMSP'96, The First Workshop on Formal Methods in Software Practice. San Diego, CA, January 1996, 31–39.

  34. Experiments Suggest High Level Formal Models and Automated Code Synthesis Significantly Increase Dependability
    Cordell Green and Stephen Westfold.
    Kestrel Institute Technical Report KES.U.00.8, January 2001.

  35. “Software Productivity through Automation and Design Knowledge”
    Cordell Green, Dusko Pavlovic, and Douglas R. Smith.
    Software Design and Productivity Workshop, Nashville TN, December 2001.

  36. “A Constructive Approach to Correctness, Exemplified by a Generator for Certified Java Card Applets”
    Alessandro Coglio and Cordell Green.
    IFIP Working Conference on Verified Software: Tools, Techniques, and Experiments, October 2005.